Electroal College Reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Electroal College Reform - Research Paper Example Supporters of election reform want to eradicate the Electoral College system and substitute the one person, one vote which is more familiar and seemingly to some, a more democratic means. Under the Electoral College system the number of electors each state is allocated equals the number of its U.S. House Representatives it currently has plus two, the number of its U.S. Senators. (Kimberling, 1992). Persons in the smaller populated states maintain that if the electoral system were eliminated, presidential candidates would have no incentive to advertise or campaign in their states. â€Å"Why visit a small state with a media market that reaches, say, 100,000 people, when a visit to a large state can put the candidate in touch with millions?† (Gregg, 2001). The McConnell Center for Political Leadership at the University of Louisville studied the grounds for the public’s opinion that a direct, one-person-one-vote procedure would be fairer than the present system. The findings discredited common perceptions that eradicating the electoral system would improve the process. The Electoral College system isn’t usually a contention amongst the electorate unl ess an anomaly in the vote arises and it did fairly recently, in 2000, an event which moved the issue to the forefront of debate where it remains still. The simple truth is if the 2000 election were based on a popular vote, Al Gore would have won by about half a million votes. Many rightly cries foul but actually the Electoral College spared the nation from a substantial dilemma. Envisage the anguish of the nation in the event such a close outcome was determined by a simple majority. â€Å"With just a few hundred thousand votes separating the candidates, every vote in every precinct, in every state would have been worthy of a recount and every recount in every county subject to suit and countersuit† (Gregg, 2001). The outcome may still not be

Medical law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Medical law - Essay Example ng or refusing medical treatment was set out in the case of Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbeck Area Health Authority.2 In this case, a young girl under 18 was held to be legally competent to consent to contraceptive treatment and advice because she had enough intelligence to understand the nature of the treatment. This case has set out a test that assesses the young person’s level of understanding and maturity in regard to the treatment that is being proposed. There is no fixed age at which it is possible to say that a child is mentally capable of understanding the nature of medical treatment and therefore capable of providing consent. The competence to consent is thus to be based upon the level of understanding demonstrated by the child. Hence, under this test, minors are effectively presumed to be incompetent unless they fully understand the nature of treatment and its effects, as also the consequences of refusing such treatment. According to Lord Scarman, the children must demonstrate both understanding of the treatment, as well as the maturity to understand its other implications, such as moral and emotional ramifications of the decision3. Such an evaluation of minors to assess whether they are Gillick competent requires a medical practitioner to determine if the minor is mature enough to provide consent and autonomy in decision making can be allowed only when a minor can demonstrate such understanding of the nature and effects of treatment4. However, in contrast to Lord Scarman’s views, Lord Fraser stated that a young person is capable of consenting to medical treatment if he or she is able to understand what is being proposed and can express his or her views clearly in this regard. However, this was to be subject to the medical practitioner deeming such treatment or refusal of treatment to be in the patient’s best interests.5 In the case of Re S (A Minor)(Consent to Medical Treatment)6the patient S was suffering from thalassaemia, yet continually